In this study, the dynamics of supply and accumulation associated with 10 main cannabinoids in hemp were quantified. Hemp bioactive compounds were evaluated for anti-inflammatory action in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264. 7 macrophage cells. CBD revealed the strongest potent activity with reductions of nitric oxide production at a couple of μg/mL and the reduced expressions of the pro-inflammatory genes COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α at as low as 2 ng/mL. While all tissues of hemp showed moderate potent properties, female flowers demonstrated the highest activity. The topical hemp inflorescences (1-50 μg/mL) and CBD alone (20-200 ng/mL) also improved mitochondrial respiration. These data contribute to the future development of agricultural and herb management ways to generate hemp with certain metabolite profiles to selectively support immune system health.
Immune Responses Are Differentially Regulated by Root, Stem, Leaf, and Flower Extracts of Female and Male CBD Hemp (Cannabis sativa L. ) Plants
Abstract
: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L. ) has many programs, including the creation of textiles, agricultural extracts, nutritional goods, and botanicals enriched with cannabinoids and full-spectrum terpenes normally present in the particular plant.
Keywords:
cannabis sativa; hemp plant flower; CBD; anti-inflammatory; bioenergetics
1 . Introduction
2. Materials in addition to Methods
2 . 1. Plant Materials
2. 2. Extraction plus HPLC Analysis
2. 3. Cell Culture
2. 4. Cell Viability
2. 5. Nitric Oxide Production
2. 6. Gene Expression Analysis
2. 7. Cellular Respiration Assay
2. eight. Statistical Analysis
3. Results in addition to Discussion
3. one. Quantification of Cannabinoids in CBD Hemp Tissues
3. two. Quantification of Cannabinoids in CBD Hemp Tissues
3. 3. Nitric Oxide Production in Macrophages
3. 4. Changes in Cellular Respiration Associated with Cannabinoids
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